Trabajo final_word_Agujeros antes del tiempo

Lectura global

El texto es de divulgación científica, por lo tanto es un texto informativo.

Elementos visuales:

Título: Black holes from the beginning of time

Subtítulos:

·         The fall of machos, the rise of wimps

·         Black holes from the big bang

·         Many problems, one solution

·         Seeing in the dark

Autor: Juan García-Bellido y Sébastien Clesse

Revista: ScientificAmerican.com

Apoyo visual:

 

Prefijos/sufijos:

Prefijos		Sufijos
1.    Outward 2.    Background 3.    Microwave 4.    Microlensing 5.    Extraordinary 6.    Intermediate 7.    Micronave 8.    Subhalos 9.    Invisible 10. Intermediate	Propagan Fondo Microondas Microlentes Extraordinario Intermedio Micronabe Subhalos Invisible Intermedio	11. Independently 12. Potentially 13. Initially 14. Particularly 15. Immediately 16. Sufficiently 17. Actually 18. Previously 19. Relatively 20. Observational	Independientemente Potencialmente Inicialmente Particularmente Inmediatamente Suficientemente Actualmente Previamente Relativamente Observación

Cognados:

1.    Gravitational: gravitacional

2.    Existence: existencia

3.    Explosions: explosión

4.    Exotic: exótico

5.    Primordial: primordiales

6.    Astronomical: astronómicos

7.    Galaxies: galaxias

8.    Hypothesis: hipótesis

9.    Evidence: evidencia

10. Groups: grupos

11. Effect: efecto

12. Consistent: consistente

13. Collapsing: colapso

14. Ordinary: ordinario

15. Structure: estructura

16. Evaporated: evaporado

17. Simulations: simulaciones

18. Intermediate: intermedio

19. Formation: formación

20. Experiments: experimentos

 

Categorías gramaticales

Sujeto, sustantivo, verbo, complemento, adjetivo y adverbio.

·         WIMPs are predicted by certain extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics.

·         In 1996 (circunstancial) one of us (Garcfa-Bellido), together with Andrei Linde of Stanford University (circunstancial) and David Wands of the University of Portsmouth in England (circunstancial), discovered a way (objeto directo) for Inflation to form sharp peaks in the spectrum of density fluctuations in the early universe (objeto directo).

·         Fortunately, such cameras now (circunstancial) exist, and astronomers have already used them to (objeto indirecto) discover dozens of ultrafaint dwarf galaxies surrounding the Milky Way.

 

Tiempos verbales

Pasado simple:

More than a billion years ago two black holes in the distant universe spiraled around each other in a deathly dance until they merged.	Hace más de mil millones de años, dos agujeros negros en el universo distante se enroscaron entre sí en una danza mortal hasta que se fusionaron
The MACHO hypothesis, however, fell from favor a decade ago when MACHOs did not turn up in tentative, indirect searches for their existence.	La hipótesis de MACHO, sin embargo, cayó en desgracia hace una década cuando los MACHO no aparecieron en búsquedas tentativas e indirectas de su existencia.
This spiraling collision was so violent that it shook the fabric of spacetime.	Esta colisión en espiral fue tan violenta que sacudió el tejido del espacio-tiempo.
This model generated a population of black holes with the same mass.	Este modelo generó una población de agujeros negros con la misma masa.
Astronomers looked for them via microlensing.	Los astrónomos los buscaron a través de microlentes.

 

Presente perfecto:

To date, no evidence of their existence has been found despite decades of searches using particle accelerators, underground detectors and space telescopes.

Hasta la fecha, no se ha encontrado evidencia de su existencia a pesar de décadas de búsquedas usando aceleradores de partículas, detectores subterráneos y telescopios espaciales.

Voz pasiva:

Simply put, galaxies seem to be rotating too fast to be held together by the visible mass in stars that we observe	En pocas palabras, las galaxias parecen estar girando demasiado rápido para ser mantenidas juntas por la masa visible en las estrellas que observamos.
These objects coalesce from the gravitational collapse of clumps of gas inside dark matter halos.	Estos objetos se unen a partir del colapso gravitacional de grupos de gas dentro de los halos de materia oscura.
That is, we showed how quantum fluctuations enormously magnified by inflation would naturally produce particularly dense regions that would collapse to form a population of black holes less than one second after inflation ends.	Es decir, mostramos cómo las fluctuaciones cuánticas magnificadas enormemente por la inflación producirían naturalmente regiones particularmente densas que se colapsarían para formar una población de agujeros negros menos de un segundo después de que finalice la inflación.

Futuro:

Further studies with LIDO and other facilities will soon test these ideas, potentially unleashing a new revolution in our understanding of the cosmos.	Más estudios con LIDO y otras instalaciones pronto pondrán a prueba estas ideas, desencadenando potencialmente una nueva revolución en nuestra comprensión del cosmos.
These observations will make the difference.	Estas observaciones pueden hacer la diferencia.
A very small fraction will be far heavier.	Una fracción muy pequeña será mucho más pesada.

Conectores

·         This was the first direct detection of gravitational waves, and the observation confirmed Albert Einstein's century-old prediction of their existence.

·         These black holes were so heavy, it is hard to explain how they formed from stars at all. Furthermore, even if two such black holes did independently form from the deaths of very massive stars…

·         WIMPs are predicted by certain extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, but they remain at least as elusive as MACHOs.

·         Such objects are said to be too big to fail because they would be sufficiently large to readily form stars and be easily seen.

·         In our scenario, although most primordial black holes have just tens of solar masses, a very small fraction will be far heavier, ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands of solar masses.

·         the invisible 85 percent of the matter in the universe that acts as gravitational glue to hold galaxies and galaxy clusters together.

·         Indeed, within the next few years several observations could test the primordial black hole scenario.

·         Indeed, along with other dark objects such as planets and brown dwarfs…

·         Such black holes would then behave as dark matter and would dominate the matter content of the present-day universe.

·         Although such "primordial" black holes have never before been seen, some theoretical models suggest they could have formed in astronomical numbers from the hot, dense plasma that filled the cosmos less than one second after the Big Bang.